Penentuan Kadar Alkaloid Total pada Ekstrak Bunga Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction

Iman Mukhaimin; Anne Nur Latifahnya; Ernawati Puspitasari

doi:10.25273/cheesa.v1i2.3340

Penentuan Kadar Alkaloid Total pada Ekstrak Bunga Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction

Iman Mukhaimin, Anne Nur Latifahnya, Ernawati Puspitasari

Abstract

Bunga pepaya (Carica papaya L) mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid seperti carpaine, pseudocarpaine dan dehydrocarpaine. Alkaloid tersebut dipercaya bermanfaat untuk sebagai obat antidengue, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities. Pada penelitian ini, bunga pepaya diekstrak menggunakan metode ekstraksi padat-cair menggunakan metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan ekstraksi cair-cair. Sebelum proses ekstraksi, bunga pepaya dikeringkan dan dikecilkan hingga memiliki ukuran partikel sebesar 0,125 mm. Bunga pepaya yang telah kering diekstraksi menggunakan metanol 80% (^v/_v untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu ekstraksi (1-5 menit), daya microwave (40, 120, 200, 280 Watt), dan rasio sampel terhadap pelarut ( 1:10 ; 1:15 ; 1:20 ^b/_v⁾terhadap kadar alkaloid total. Hasil ekstrak menunjukkan hasil positif adanya alkaloid setelah diuji dengan pereaksi Mayer dengan terbentuknya endapan berwarna putih kekuningan. Adapun kadar alkaloid total terbesar adalah 0,02981 mg/g sampel dengan kondisi operasi ekstraksi waktu ekstraksi 3 menit, rasio sampel terhadap pelarut 1:10 (m/v) serta daya microwave 40 Watt.

Keywords

Alkaloid total, Bunga Pepaya, Ekstraksi, Microwave Assisted Extraction

Full Text:

DOWNLOAD PDF

References

Annegowda, H. V., & Bhat, R. (2015). Composition of Pepaya Fruit and Pepaya Cultivars. Nutritional Composition of Fruit Cultivars. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-408117-8.00021-0

Barroso, P. T. W., de Carvalho, P. P., Rocha, T. B., Pessoa, F. L. P., Azevedo, D. A., & Mendes, M. F. (2016). Evaluation of the composition of Carica papaya L. seed oil extracted with supercritical CO2. Biotechnology Reports, 11, 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2016.08.004

Baxter, R., Hastings, N., Law, a., & Glass, E. J. (2008). [ No Title ]. Animal Genetics, 39(5), 561–563.

Bergonio, K. B., & Perez, M. A. (2016). The potential of male pepaya (Carica papaya, L.) flower as a functional ingredient for herbal tea production. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 15(1), 41–49.

Chan, C. H., Yusoff, R., & Ngoh, G. C. (2014). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction based on absorbed microwave power and energy. Chemical Engineering Science, 111, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.02.011

Djilani, A., Legseir, B., Soulimani, R., Dicko, A., & Younos, C. (2006). New extraction technique for alkaloids. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 17(3), 518–520. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000300013

Elwin. (2014). Analisa Pengaruh Waktu Pretreatment Dan Konsentrasi Naoh Terhadap Kandungan Selulosa, Lignin dan Hemiselulosa Eceng Gondok Pada Proses Pretreatment Pembuatan Bioetanol. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang

Jha, D. K., Panda, L., & Lavanya, P. (2012). Detection and Confirmation of Alkaloids in Leaves of Justicia adhatoda and Bioinformatics Approach to Elicit Its Anti-tuberculosis Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, s7–V(120), 287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9834-1

Julianti, T., Oufir, M., & Hamburger, M. (2014). Quantification of The Antiplasmodial Alkaloid Carpaine in Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaves. Planta Med.Vol. 80, 1138-1142.

Linn, C. (n.d.). Paw Paw, 1–5.

Maran, J., & Prakash, K. (2015). Process Variables Influence on Microwave Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Waste Carica papaya L. peel. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 202-206.

Michel, T., & Elfakir, C. (2013). Microwave-Assisted Extraction. RSC Green Chemistry, 113-151.

Murphy, D. J. (2016). Alkaloids. Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (Vol. 2). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00221-5

Nugroho, A., Heryani, H., Choi, J. S., & Park, H. J. (2017). Identification and quantification of flavonoids in Carica papaya leaf and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(3), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.12.009

Rahman, G. M., Wardatun, S., & Wiendarlina, I. Y. (2015). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Alkaloid Total Daun Pepaya Gandul (Carica papaya L.). Jurnal Penelitian Vol.1, 1-6.

Sreevidya, N., & Mehrotra, S. (2003). Spectrophotometric method for estimation of Alkaloids precipitable with dragendorff’s reagent in plant materials. Journal of AOAC International, 86(6), 1124–1127.

Tang, X., Zhu, D., Huai, W., Zhang, W., Fu, C., Xie, X., … Fan, H. (2017). Simultaneous extraction and separation of flavonoids and alkaloids from Crotalaria sessiliflora L. by microwave-assisted cloud-point extraction. Separation and Purification Technology, 175, 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.038

Ukpabi, S. C., Emmanuel, O., & Ezikpe, C. (2015). Chemical Composition of Carica Papaya Flower (Paw-Paw). International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Studies (IJSRES) Volume 2 Issue 3, 55-57.

Vij, T., & Prashar, Y. (2015). A review on medicinal properties of Carica papaya Linn. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60617-4

Widi, R. K., & Indriati, T. (2007). Penjaringan dan Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid dalam Batang Kayu Kuning (Arcangelisia Flava Merr) . Jurnal ILMU DASAR, Vol. 8 No. 1, 24-29.

Xie, D. T., Wang, Y. Q., Kang, Y., Hu, Q. F., Su, N. Y., Huang, J. M., … Guo, J. X. (2014). Microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive alkaloids from Stephania sinica. Separation and Purification Technology, 130, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.026

Zunjar, V., Dash, R. P., Jivrajani, M., Trivedi, B., & Nivsarkar, M. (2016). Antithrombocytopenic activity of carpaine and alkaloidal extract of Carica papaya Linn. leaves in busulfan induced thrombocytopenic Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 181, 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.035